Homemade Mosquito Repellents That Work

Have you made or tried a natural homemade mosquito repellent? If so, let other readers who whether it was effective for you. Do you have any favorite natural mosquito repellent recipes? Lemon Juice Lemon juice worked really well for me, and Im a mosquito magnet. I had shorts on and put lemon juice (just normal lemon juice you can buy from the store) on my legs (it wasnt sticky) and the mosquitoes stopped biting my legs. Unfortunately, I didnt have a sprayer and they moved on to biting me through my shirt; but not my legs though! — Charlie Wow Vicks Really So simple an I think it works!! Just tried it this morning and no bites (yet! Knock on wood!) I was mixing up all these spices from the kitchen then came across that post and thank goodness I did! I just moved back to Orlando and the Mosquitos here are only getting worse!! I havent been going outside. I think and hope u solved my problem!!!! Thank u!!! — Flsnowbunnyy Mr Clean please stop! I would like to ask Guest Mr Clean to re-consider applying dryer softener sheets to his and his childrens skin. Chemicals in the sheets might absorbed through the skin and into the bloodstream, possibly affecting the brain or other vital organs. With all due respect, it just doesnt seem safe. —NatureHealth Dawn I set out a container with water near patio. When larva appear I add a drop of two of Dawn. I have also caught adult mosquitoes. This seem to reduce the overall population in the area. I keep a ceiling fan on high when on the patio and the mosquitoes stay away. I suspect the fan dissipates the CO2 from my breath that attracts them. —Guest Donald Natural Mosquito repellent!! Rub a light layer of vicks rub on the bare skin! Not only will you be able to breathe well... little pesky boogers stay away!!! :) —VICKS GOTTA TRY IT CHEAP AND EFFECTIVE Ive been using regular bounty dryer sheets for about a year now on my self as well as my 6 yr old, 4 yr old and 1 yr old, and it works AMAZINGLY!!! Just rub it on and thats it! I even tape them to the inside of my tent while camping and Ive killed one maybee 2 sqeeters. —Mr. Clean Vinegar of the Four Thieves This stuff kept away the Bubonic Plague! Seriously strong but natural and cheaper than oils. Smells foul when wet but OK when dry: Vinegar of the Four Thieves Insect Repellent Ingredients: ââ€"  1 32 ounce bottle of Apple Cider Vinegar ââ€"  2 TBSP each of dried Sage, Rosemary, Lavender, Thyme and Mint ââ€"  At least quart size glass jar with airtight lid How to Make the Vinegar of the Four Thieves Insect Repellent: 1.Put the vinegar and dried herbs into large glass jar. 2.Seal tightly and store on counter or place you will see it daily. Shake well each day for 2-3 weeks. 3.After 2-3 weeks, strain the herbs out and store in spray bottles or tincture bottles, preferably in fridge. 4.To use on skin, dilute to half with water in a spray bottle and use as needed. 5.Use whenever you need serious bug control! [Note: This mixture is very strong and has antiviral and antibacterial properties.] —Normski It works I take cinnamon pills. I have not been bitten in over 2 years. —twice shy Mosquito repellent fumes Mixture of dried leaves and fruit coats of tree Pongamia Pinneta with 2 % Neem oil and 2 % Pongamia Pinneta oil when burned like incense sticks to give fumes repels mosquitoes from the room. Pongamia Pinneta is called KARANJ in Hindi. —Sushil Kumar Sharma Natural Room Spray Gday! A while ago my Mum found a great add in the paper with how to make this, we went and bought all the essential oils and carrier oil which cost a fortune at the time we figured, we were getting our moneys worth if it worked, which it did !It was great! Now I want to make it up, Mum cant find the list of ingredients! sigh, all I can remember, is it had metholated spirits and water with it, vinegar and about 8 or more 100% pure oils, you would literally see the flies come in and back off where she had sprayed in the kitchen, can anyone help here? I possibley have some of the ingredients wrong and it was in a spray bottle. I do know of a mix to deter toads though, its affectionately known by my friends who invented it as 8 hops cos thats about as far as they get after being sprayed by it, I spray around my doorways and sliding doors, to prevent them coming into the house. Its half and half of Metholated Spirits and Dettol, dont use cheap brands they stink. —Tonianne repellents citronella is the best! try it now please —adrian Mosquitoes repellents I have try inside my apartament, the little patio and entrance putting a glass gar with water and smash garlic, it seams that have worked on me. You can try that. —Margie SantaMaria lavender oil i usually get tons of mosquito bites when i go camping but the last couple of times i went i used lavender oil as a mosquito repellent and it worked amazingly! i didnt get a single bite! —crystal vinegar I was told that regular vinegar would repel them but it didnt. i also tried that thing you clip on and it didnt work either. Anyone have any experience with those two? my friend tried the vinegar and it worked for her. and people swear by the clip on thingy. i wonder why they still attack me. —sharon Skin So Soft has DEET Avon Skin So Soft is an effective repellent because it contains DEET. And DEET is less expensive than the Avon product... —Kathryn CATNIP OIL is HATED by mosquitos! Cant believe you didnt mention the essential oil of Catnip! It is off the charts for keeping mosquitos away, AND it doesnt stink! One way you can mix essential oils into water based products is to mix Polysorbate 20 with your essential oil 1:1 BEFORE mixing into water or vinegar..Basically the polysorbate is a naturally derived emulsifier. It will make your oil mix into water so it is equally dispersed, say, in a sprayer. I buy my catnip and polysorbate 20 from a small essential oil distributer. Prob cant name it here, but just google it. You can mix in Witch Hazel instead of water or vinegar or just use all three. —gina castor oil is NOT an essential oil Castor oil is a carrier oil, but I would not recommend it for an application like this since it is very thick and sticky. Two other EOs which are mosquito repellents are Lemongrass and Lavender. —Erin retired chem teacher liquid Ivory soap for dishes worked very well with the added benefit of being able to clean dishes. I rubbed one arm only with it and mosquitoes stayed away for over an hour. My other arm was attacked often. —DHK Listerine and Mosquitoes My little Yorkie gets deathly sick from heartworm medication, cant tolerate most chemicals so can never take her out in evening/early morning. Last year on a tip, tried putting a neckerchief on her sprayed with Listerine...and slapped some on me too (I seem to be a major mosquito magnet). Well, it worked like a charm! Unbelievably, I didnt get a single bite and I live in a huge mosquito infested area d/t lots of woods and ponds. Still dont like taking my little pooch out at night, but if I must take her somewhere, I dont leave home without her Listerine soaked neckachief and I love that there are no harsh chemicals to stress her liver and pancreas (she suffers from chronic pancreatitis so its essential I totally limit chemicals on her). —Judyann J Neem Oil Light up the tip of a wick (4 inch long cotton threads rolled by hand to form a wick) immersed in a small dish containing NEEM )oil (50ml costs Ind.Rs50/- ).The fumes are not harmful.ventilate the room after half hour.the mosquitoes fly away if windows are open.The just DROP DEAD if this lighted lamp is kept in a closed room. I have tried it and it really works. for outdoors, you can rub neem oil on the exposed part of the body to keep away mosquitoes. —JAYAKUMAR.R Listerine I Have tried this , spraying it full strength on my dogs bed at night. It definately helps reduce the number of mozzies but not all of them. My dog doesnt mind the smell, I used the regular brand listerine. However my friend sprayed her back yard area with the mint listerine and she said it attracted a lot of ants, so she advises againt the sweeter style listerine. —fastpurpleharley Ms. Im such a mosquito magnet (also black biting flies) that my kids say Throw Momma off the deck! In a short trip outside today, I got 4 bites, my husband got none. My skin temp is cooler than most; its not the time of the month (Im past that). Oddly I think Im totally immune to poison ivy--may never have had it. Connection? —Ellen Know your oils! To repond to Keithgvp Cassia Oil is NOT Cinnamon Oil. —Tommy Internal Mosquito Repellant Ive found that taking excessive amounts of Vitamin C for a few days before going camping keeps mosquitos and bugs in general away from me. Being water soluble, Vitamin C wont accumulate in the body, but instead will be excreted in sweat. Bugs hate it! NOTE: If you experience diarrhea youre taking too much. —drdulttl lemon EUCALYPTUS Ok so if you buy lemon eucalyptus as a liquid incense it is far more cheaper than buying the oil, as you can dilute the incense in baby oil or mix it with body lotion apply. And this way it is cheaper and probably better for your skin as with the oil it wasnt really designed for the skin but for oil burners. As well another good technique if you have a baby is to just spray a little on their teddy/doll or something they sleep with. And yes lemon eucalyptus does work (personal experience). —kandii mosquito repellent I hear that spraying oneself and area with the reg. listerine helps get rid of mosquitoes. I hope this helps. —audrey essential oil caution When using any essential oil, mix a small amount first and test it on your wrist. If you have a bad reaction, dont use it! The only oil I have issues with is Lemon. Cinnamon Oil has been a favorite of mine for other uses, so will be trying it as a mosquito repellent tonight. Im guessing the camphor and eucalyptus in Vicks is what does the trick against mosquitos. —Everythingherbal Listerine Dryer Sheets I live in Northern California. We have mosquitoes. I spend a lot of time in the woods and attract the little buggers like crazy. I have found Regular Listerine( buy the cheaper generic brands ) and even clothing softener sheets work very well . I see where the mouth wash contains eucalyptus oil and I prefer it to the sheets . I just use it undiluted in a spray bottle..Apply it every couple of hours. —Jim All Natural Bug Deterrent Candle I make soy wax candles and have been wanting to make a Be Gone Bug one, esp living in the Southeast! Ill let ya know how it turns out... —Heather Jernigan Repellent Alternative I like the idea of making my own insect repellent but I don’t always have the time (or all the ingredients) to do so. I did some research and learned that Oil of Lemon Eucalyptus (OLE) is the only plant based product recommended by the EPA and CDC for use as an insect repellent. (Check out http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/RepellentUpdates.htm if your interested in what they have to say) OLE is proven to work as well as DEET without the harmful effects. If anyone is interested in trying it, Cutter and Repel both make an OLE product —Ashley mint leaves and vicks can help Ive found Vicks very useful as the mosquito repellent. Whats the annoying chemical in it for mosquitoes? For other insects such as house flies, I found mint leaves dipped in a bowl of water are very effective. —irfana aamir Mosquito repellents I have used Avons repellent also, but I discovered if I get some mosquito fish and put them in water around the outside or see standing water and dump it out it helps keep them down. I know some parts of our country are just mosquito prone. I wish everyone could get some fish that eat this kind of pest. —Anna Elizabeth Wooten vics I found that if I apply Vicks on a few places on my legs, arms and forehead I have no problem the whole night. —AK4Services Dangerous Cinnamon Oil! This is dangerous! I am warning readers not to try cinnamon oil, even diluted 20 to 1, as a mosquito repellent. At that ratio I sprayed some on my face and shoulders (luckily not in my eyes) and in seconds my skin was red and burning. I was in agony as I tried to wash it off, and covered my skin with bicarbonate of soda (a base). I cant believe a PhD would recommend this as a treatment without probably trying it herself. This seems highly irresponsible. Imagine if someone, perhaps a child, sprayed themselves with a cinnamon oil repellent and was nowhere near a source to wash it off? Again, This is a highly dangerous substance: WARNIING, DO NOT USE CINNAMON OIL! (or at the least, the kind I purchased - Chinese Cassia Cinnamon Oil made by a company called Now Foods, in Bloomingdale Il. However, I have had success with a lemon-eucalyptus combination cut with witch hazel. —Keithgvp The Listerine Remedy Ive tried Listerine on and around my doors to keep mosquitoes away. It works just fine. Although you do have to reapply every couple of days, it sure beats spending big $$ on commercial repellents. The old tried and true Skin So Soft (Avon)works well also, in conjunction with one of the oils. Skin so Soft works well on my grandson. But if we are going out for a LONG time, I will lightly spray his clothing BEFORE he is dressed with Off. I just find using a variety of methods is quite efffective. —Mellinpie Listerine for Mosquito control I too have heard of using Listerine around the deck and on the screens and windows. Has anyone else heard of this? If so, how well does it work and why? —James Talley Mosquito Repellent For a couple of backyard events, before guests arrived, we sprayed equal parts of lemon-flavored ammonia mixed with lemon Joy or Dawn (liquid dishwashing soaps) in one of those Miracle Grow hose dispensers, and sprayed around the yard and bushes. This is a temporary fix, but seemed to help. —jandalton Favorite Natural Mosquito Repellents The easiest repellent to make, for me, has been cinnamon oil in olive oil or another vegetable oil. Unlike most of the other mosquito-repelling oils, I actually have cinnamon oil in the cupboard to use as a flavoring for cooking. A little goes a long ways... dont over the cinnamon, especially if you are going to use the product on your skin. If you rub it in your eyes it will burn. My favorite natural mosquito repellent, in terms of effectiveness and scent, is lemon eucalyptus oil in either vodka (non-greasy) or else a mix of vodka and vegetable oil. Another really good natural mosquito repellent is lemon oil. If you arent up for making your own insect repellent, Ive seen lemon oil available commercially as a Burts Bees bath oil. —gemdragon

The Biology Behind Type 2 Diabetes - 2358 Words

Diabetes Q1 - Why is Type-2 diabetes and issue in our community Q2 - What is the biology behind Type-2 Diabetes? Q3 - Does Obesity cause diabetes? 2, Treat/Prevent 2, Opinion/Viewpoint Reliability Personal Opinion what they need to change Type 2 diabetes is A very prominent issue in our community, usually it is older people who get it, however it is becoming an increasing issue as younger children are getting it. â€Å" In 1996 approximately 81,000 people in New Zealand were known to have Type 2 diabetes. By 2011, these numbers have dramatically increased to over 156,000 people in New Zealand diagnosed.† 1 Overall, diabetes is becoming a bigger and bigger threat to our community. Looking at america however it is worse, â€Å"Results from the 2007-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), using measured heights and weights, indicate that an estimated 16 to 17 percent of children and adolescents ages 2 to 19 years had a BMI greater than or equal to the 95th percentile of the age- and sex-specific BMI— about double the number of two decades ago.† 2 This data is effectively saying 17% of adolescents between 2 and 19 have a bmi that is 95% higher than everyone else, this means t hat almost â…• of America s population is overweight and or obese. With more and more sugar being introduced into food, this number is increasing and if nothing is done about it it will eventually make it so it will be opposite, that only 17% of the population of people between 3 andShow MoreRelatedThe Biology Behind Type 2 Diabetes Essay1609 Words   |  7 PagesIntroducing questions†¦ 1. Main question: Why do Maori/Pacific islanders, have a greater chance of getting diabetes than all other cultures in New Zealand? -Maori and PI communities are 3 times more likely to develop Type 2 diabetes than other New Zealanders? I believe this is linked to the high obesity and heart disease rates in our communities. Other questions†¦ 2: Why is type 2 diabetes an issue in our community? -this is an issue as it gives your town a bad rep, affects families as theyRead MoreThe Biology Behind Type 2 Diabetes Essay1895 Words   |  8 PagesWhy is Type-2 diabetes an issue in our community? ââ€"  What is the biology behind Type-2 Diabetes? ââ€"  Does adding a Healthier diet and Exercise plan to your daily lifestyle prevent you from getting Type-2 Diabetes? Diabetes itself is a major problem not only in our community but in the whole world including tiny New Zealand. ​The numbers of people diagnosed with Diabetes are over 240,000 and 100,000 do not know they have been diagnosed with Diabetes. The most common ethnic group to have Diabetes is MaoriRead MoreA Brief Note On Type 2 Diabetes And Obesity1493 Words   |  6 PagesMy Report is about, Type 2 Diabetes. I’ll be giving a short summary about what is type 2 diabetes and i will be giving others perspective and also my own. Im going to tell you the symptoms of type 2 diabetes .I’m going to show the three resources that I used. My main research question I’m doing is what is the relationship between Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity? Also I’m researching on 2 other questions, what is the biology (science) behind Type-2 diabetes? And why is Type-2 diabetes an issue in our communityRead MoreHow Does Insulin Help Diabetes Be Controlled And How Has It Changed Ove r The Past Years?1091 Words   |  5 Pagesdiagnosed with diabetes the health.govt.nz states. Diabetes is one of the many causes of death in New Zealand.The body has difficulties with trying to use and produce Insulin which is mainly the reason behind type 2 diabetics. There are 5 types of Insulin such as rapid-acting Insulin, short-acting Insulin, Intermediate-acting Insulin, long-acting Insulin and premixed Insulin. Insulin is one of the key things that help prevent the disease type 2 diabetes. So, is Insulin bad or good? Why is type 2 diabetesRead MoreThe Link Between Type 2 Diabetes And Obesity Essay1522 Words   |  7 PagesMy Research Question Is: What is the link between Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity Additional Questions to be Answered: 1. Why is Type 2 Diabetes an issue in our Community 2. 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It has been found that 9% of the world’s population have some type of diabetes (HelgesonRead MoreEssay Molecular Insights into the Hormone Insulin1680 Words   |  7 PagesActive insulin is formed after specific peptidases â€Å"cleave† the proinsulin, and it is stored in granules that remain within the cytoplasm.4 As blood glucose concentrations rise, the pancreas is stimulated to release insulin into the bloodstream. Type 2 glucose transporters, GLUT2, regulate the entry of glucose into beta cells. The glucose is modified by a glucokinase enzyme and is metabolized to form ATP, energy molecules, through glycolysis. The increased ATP level in the cell causes potassiumRead MoreVegetarian And Vegan Diets On Type 2 Diabetes Management Essay1303 Words   |  6 Pageshistory of cancers, my grandfather was a survivor of 3 drastically different types of cancer at varying times in his life,† the doctors believe that it was his vegan diet that helped him survive. 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Editorial Task for Australian Financial- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theEditorial Taskfor Australian Financial Review. Answer: Eleven Head Office Involved in Wage Fraud Cover-up 7-Eleven, the largest convenience store chain of Australia, is now presenting itself as one of the biggest and worst cases of systematic wage abuse in the history of a corporate world, tweeted Adele Ferguson (www.afr.com, 2017). The only disturbing factor concerning the franchise chain is nothing, but the exploitation of workers that has been going for many years under everyones nose, said Wolter Peeters. However, Rod Clement has given clear explanation of the situation, Stating in this way. At this franchise chain, wage abuse would stand for about $ 10 million per year, but more specifically in the case of 7-Eleven most of the workers are students on visas and they are in thousands (Lim, Chae Jeon, 2014). These students are only allowed to work 20 hours a week, according to the visa condition and this make them more vulnerable to wage abuse. In the light of this situation, the fair work ombudsman has conducted three different raids and found in the past six years that the situation is getting worse and the students are still facing wage fraud, getting under payment wage (Sivaraman Turner, 2016). However, in September 2014, it has been found that around 60% of the 20 7-Eleven stores had a payroll issues, which is double the records of 2011 issues. Contributing to this context, Senator Deborah ONeill at a Senate hearing made a clear statement that apart from conducting raids, there are more to be done, including reviewing of the regulatory structure and beefing up the chains power since the fair work and its effectiveness are under inspection on the account of wage abuse especially for workers on student visas (Smith, 2015). In addition to these, Fairfax Media and Four Corners had made a joint investigation on wage fraud practiced by around two-third of the chain stores and found that payroll of each month address massive payroll problems (Tonts, Plummer Argent, 2014). The joint media, based on its investigation had described the underpayment, falsification. They explained that after reviewing 83 stores between 13 October 2014 and 9 November 2014, and found around 47 stores had a payroll compliance issues, including falsification of payroll sheets and underpayment of wages. Moreover, the review between April 6 and May 3, around 55% of 97 stores shows payroll compliance issue (Fraser, 2016). With such disappointing practice of franchise stores, 7-Eleven expressed in a statement, stating that our franchise stores are not worthy of meeting their obligation, which is extremely disappointing for us and we are not going to entertain such action, instead we will take appropriate steps against it. 7-Eleven promised that they will make their franchise stores pay back the full wage if they are found not paying proper wages, but if still the stores do not follow the instruction, the head office will slap them with a breach notice in more egregious cases (Schaper, 2015). However, Australian Taxation Office reviewed that 7-Eleven has generated EBIT of $ 143 million in 2015 and accounted for the largest company by earnings than any other companies in Australia on ASX. Some franchise stores on the other hand in their favour commented that would it be right for us to pay correct wages, even though we are not making enough earnings to at least pay to the head office. However, the fair work ombudsman extremely condemned this excuse, claiming that some business make such excuses rashly without knowing proper employment system (Brittingham, 2014). Further he also explained that it is very important to bring shadowy aspect of labour market into the light, before the control of the regulators and politicians go out of our hand. Editorial 2: The Australian Newspaper Dated: 02-09-2015 Article: The buck stops with us: 7-Eleven The article in The Australian has shown different perspective of the 7-Eleven case. Russ Withers, the chairman of 7-Eleven commented that the bottom line is, we are responsible for whatever had happened, it happened on our watch. The chairman of the convenience store chain explained the situation with disappointment, where according to him, significant underpayment of wage practice and payroll issue practice were conducted under the watch of management and head office (www.theaustralian.com.au, 2017). However, Russ made a promise to the head office on behalf of all the franchise store chain to its head office, that the franchise store chain is ready to pay any underpaid wages balance. Mr Russ, however, made this comment under the wake of Fairfax and Four Corners media report, where it is specifically mentioned, majority of the store chain business are still underpaying wages to the workers. Mr Russ Withers presented his view of the issue, by saying that it is quite easy for us to blame the franchisees for their responsibility of recruiting employees or workers (Lim, Chae Jeon, 2014). Hence, it is no good to say that it is solely the problem of franchisee and not mine. However, the bottom line is we are responsible for whatever had happened, it happened on our watch. In fact, the former chairman Alan Fels, with his view to the companys franchise model, tweeted that we had started with zero and now operating as 620 stores in Australia for 38 years and we still believe the underpayment of wages to the workers is relatively small. Hence, whatever the majority of franchisees are doing, they are doing the right thing, at least according to me (Manton, 2014). In this context, Mr Russ also said, this is embarrassing for us, that even though the franchisee stores are involved in such practice and the head office also aware of it, still the head office is not trying to make any mass cover-up yet. In this aspect as well, the joint media, based on its investigation had described the underpayment, falsification (www.afr.com, 2017). They explained that after reviewing 83 stores between 13 October 2014 and 9 November 2014, and found around 47 stores had a payroll compliance issues, including falsification of payroll sheets and underpayment of wages (Kavanagh McRae, 2017). The fair work ombudsman also forced one owner of store in Melbourne to deliberately admit the short-changing their staff by $10,000 and doctoring employment records to cut costs. However, based on the investigation by Australian Taxation Office, the ATO members reviewed that 7-Eleven has generated EBIT of $ 143 million in 2015 and accounted for the largest company by earnings than any other companies in Australia on ASX (Tonts, Plummer Argent, 2014). Thus, in both the articles the articles, it has been found that it is very important to bring shadowy aspect of labour market into the light, before the control of the regulators and politicians go out of our hand. Moreover, Mr Russ Withers, the chairman of 7-Eleven commented that the bottom line is, we are responsible for whatever had happened, it happened on our watch (Sivaraman Turner, 2016). In addition to these, he also made a promise to the head office on behalf of all the franchise store chain to its head office, that the franchise store chain is ready to pay any underpaid wages balance (Li Whitworth, 2016). References 7-Eleven: Wage abuse claims puts scrutiny on Fair Work response. (2017).Financial Review. Retrieved on 16 May 2017, from https://www.afr.com/business/retail/fmcg/7eleven-wage-abuse-claims-puts-scrutiny-on-fair-work-response-20150830-gjavxh Baxendale, R., Baxendale, R. (2017).The buck stops with us: 7-Eleven.Theaustralian.com.au. Retrieved 16 May 2017, from https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/companies/the-buck-stops-with-us-says-7eleven-chairman-russ-withers/news-story/c446f2f834f4b72748c630a0944ec6b4 Brittingham, M. (2014). History of the WET and the WET producer rebate.Wine Viticulture Journal,29(1), 66. Fraser, M. (2016). Investigating 7-Eleven: Who are the real bad guys?.Griffith Journal of Law Human Dignity,4(2). Kavanagh, M., McRae, E. (2017). Employment law: Protecting vulnerable workers amendment to fair work act.Governance Directions,69(4), 241. Li, Y. T., Whitworth, K. (2016). When the State Becomes Part of the Exploitation: Migrants Agency within the Institutional Constraints in Australia.International Migration,54(6), 138-150. Lim, S., Chae, H., Jeon, H. (2014). The Effect of Experience Marketing on Brand Attitude and Brand Loyalty of Beauty Salon Franchise Stores.Fashion business,18(5), 42-55. Manton, E. (2014). The diverse drivers of relative changes in excise taxes on beer and spirits in Australia, 19022012.Drugs: education, prevention and policy,21(3), 197-204. Schaper, M. T. (2015). Invited policy paper: Competing in the online marketplace: Contemporary issues for SMEs and their regulators.Small Enterprise Research,22(1), 69-78. Sivaraman, G., Turner, P. (2016). The 7-Eleven wages scandal: The need for law reform.Precedent (Sydney, NSW), (135), 53. Smith, K. (2015). Unite calls for amnesty for 7-Eleven workers.Green Left Weekly, (1069), 3. Tonts, M., Plummer, P., Argent, N. (2014). Path dependence, resilience and the evolution of new rural economies: Perspectives from rural Western Australia.Journal of Rural Studies,36, 362-375.